St Manchan’s Church

In my travels around Ireland I have found you can often find the most incredible places, relics, statues etc  in the most unlikely of settings.  St Manchan’s church at Boher, Ballycumber, Co Offaly is a great example. From the outside the church looks like any other nineteenth century  parish church found around  Ireland. There isn’t anything very out of the ordinary about the building which was constructed around  1860’s.  It has a cruciform plan and  is a functioning parish church, used every day by the local community.

If you take the time to go inside the church you will find  a collection of magnificent stained glass windows by the internationally renowned  stain glass artist Harry Clarke (1889-1931), as well as  St Manchan’s shrine one of the finest surviving  examples of medieval Irish reliquaries.

St Manchan’s Shrine

It is though St Manchan’s shrine was originally constructed to house the bones of St Manchan the founder of the nearby  monastery of Lemanaghan. I have previously written about the history of the monastic site of  Lemanaghan.

St Manchan’s shrine is a twelfth-century reliquary. It is an outstanding example of early Irish decorative metal work and the work of a true master craftsman. It was commissioned by High King of Ireland, Turlough O’ Connor and likely manufactured at Clonmacnoise. The annals for 1166 state

The shrine of Manchan, of Maethail (Mohill), was covered by Ruaidhri Ua Conchobhair , and an embroidering of gold was carried over it by him, in as good a style as a relic was ever covered.

This reference likely refers to the Lemanaghan shrine  although it is possible it may refer to second shrine now lost, that existed at Mohill.  Fragments of bone possibly from the saint are still found within the shrine. From the sparse references that exist the shrine appears to have  been  housed near the high altar of St Manchan’s church at Lemanaghan  where it remained  until  the seventeenth century. It was later moved to a chapel in Boher and following the building of the parish church the shrine was moved to its current location where it remains, absent  only for a brief period following a theft in 2012.

St Manchan’s shrine is what is known as a house- shaped shrine and resembles the pitched roof of  church or oratory and it is decorated with intricate bronze work, gilt and enamel. The shrine is made of yew wood  (48cm tall by 40 cm wide by 61cm long) and is covered with highly decorated bronze figures and bosses sitting on four feet.  The bosses and decorated panels are arranged in a cruciform design on the front and back of the  shrine.

The sides or gables of the shrine are covered in elaborate filigree  and enamel work.

There were originally 52 figures bronze figures attached to the shrine by small bronze nails. If you look carefully you can still see the holes. The figures filled the spaces created by the cross motif on the front and back of the shrine. Only eleven figures are still attached and it has been suggested the figures may represent monks or abbots of the monastery.

The shrine was  designed to be portable  and  could be carried in processions. Four metal loops are found at each corner which allowed wooden poles to be treaded through.  A reliquary procession may have formed part for the pilgrim rituals at Lemanaghan on  the more important days in the pilgrim calendar such as the saints feast day. It is likely that the date of the translation of the saint’s relics  would also have been a special day in the pilgrim calendar.

For a detailed discussion of the shrine I recommend checking out the book Sacral Geographies  by Karen Overbey.

Harry Clarke Windows

If you follow my facebook page Pilgrimage in Medieval Ireland you will know I am a big fan of Harry Clarke’s work. Boher church  has five wonderful Harry Clarke windows.  The windows were commissioned from the Harry Clarke studio, in 1930 at a cost of £330. My favourite window depicts St Manchan the patron saint of the parish. It is clear that Clarke took inspiration from local folklore relating to the saint and from St Manchan’s shrine.

The window depicts Manchan holding a green book above the saints head  is an image of the saint with his cow. I have written  previously about St Manchan and his cow  who was famed for her ability to produce an endless supply of milk. The cow features strongly in local folklore.

Below the saint’s feet is a life-size image of St Manchan’s shrine. The window is in the south transept of the church directly behind the display location of the twelfth century St Manchan’s shrine.  Rosita Boland  sums up the visual impact of the window in article Colourful legacy of a stain glass artist

It also includes a life-sized image of the shrine, aglow with gold and bronze. When you view the actual object first and then its likeness in jewelled stained glass behind, the genius of Clarke’s commissioned work is profoundly evident. It was made for this place, to complement the shrine, and its south-facing aspect means both the window and the gilt-bronze shrine glow a luminous amber for hours.

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Behind the altar are three  stunning windows of the Blessed Virgin, Christ and St Joseph all depicted in rich vibrant of colours.

All  the figures have angels over head.  St Joseph who was a carpenter  is depicted holding a set square in his hand while the Christ figure has the holes in his feet and hand from his crucifixion. The details of the images such as the use of colour, the fine details of the folds in robes, patterns on fabric are amazing.

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The fifth Harry Clarke window is located in the north transept and depicts  St Anne with the Blessed Virgin as a child.

 

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It’s amazing to think this little church in rural Ireland  houses such treasures.  If you are visiting  Offaly I highly  recommend a visit to Boher church. It is the most inspiring  and  most wonderful place to spend time.

References  & Useful Links

Boland, R. 2011. ‘Colourful legacy of stained-glass master’. Friday 26^th August The Irish Times http://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/colourful-legacy-of-stained-glass-master-1.607027

Harbison, P. 1991. Pilgrimage in Ireland. The Monuments and the People. Syracruse University Press.

O’Brien C. 2006. Stories from a Sacred Landscape Croghan Hill to Clonmacnoise.  Mercier Press.

Overbey, K. Sacral Geographies. Saints, Shrines and Territories in Medieval Ireland. Brepols. (https://books.google.ie/books/about/Sacral_Geographies.html?id=vJeQPgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y)

http://timetravelireland.blogspot.ie/2016/02/st-manchans-shrine-boher-county-offaly.html

Holy Cow. The Miraculous Animals of the Irish Saints: Part Two St Manchan’s Cow

Medieval Pilgrimage at Lemanaghan, Co Offaly

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